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… integration; they also serve as tools to enhance the geopolitical interests of states and broaden the scope of global activity. The study employs two complementary methods. By employing a unique dataset covering Türkiye’s interactions with international organ…

This article develops the Turkic States Sustainable Finance Index (TS-SFI), a region-specific composite framework for benchmarking sustainable finance readiness across the five members of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS): Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzs…

…ions in Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Türkiye, the member states of the Organization of Turkic States. According to the results of the autoregressive distributed lag bounds test (ARDL), based on data covering the period 1997–2019, economi…

…e of post-Soviet Eurasia has been shaped by the emergence of independent Turkic states and their evolving regional cooperation mechanisms. The Organization of Turkic States (OTS) has become a central platform for fostering diplomatic, economic, and security co…

Diplomacy was in its formative stages during the Middle Ages, and states used advanced diplomatic tools in their interactions. Diplomatic methods such as treaties, mediation, marriage alliances, and cooperation offered distinct advantages and reflected the rol…

The administrative structure of the Crimean Khanate was based on a land system with a hierarchical division between the ruling dynasty and the tribal aristocracy. This system maintained the administrative traditions established during the Mongol Empire and was…

This study aims to evaluate the Organization of Turkic States’ approach to security with a special focus on border issues in the region after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The emergence of independent states in the Caucasus and Central Asia led to border c…

… between the institutionalization of relations among the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) members and their voting behavior at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The central hypothesis of this study posits that a positive correlation exists between…

… itself through the SCO and the BRI is a power accumulation reaction given by a state that has emerged as a power pole vis-a-vis the dominant power to the possibility of being prevented from strengthening itself within the system. Russia and China’s efforts to…

…gnificantly influenced the destinies of numerous peoples, nations, empires, and states throughout human history. The Ottoman Empire emerged as a major participant in this global conflict, engaging on multiple fronts against the Entente States. During the war, …