This study aims to analyse the bibliometric characteristics of 686 research articles published between 2008 and 2022 in bilig, which was published in 1996 and indexed by the Social Sciences Citation Index since 2008. Within the scope of the study, co-authorship, countries, and authorship trends in the context of institutional network analysis were examined and citation analysis was carried out. The methodology of the study consists of content and citation analysis. VOSviewer, a software tool, was used to create and visualise bibliometric networks. As a result of the analyses, it was seen that most of the studies published in bilig were in Turkish, and in terms of the number of authors, single-author articles were found the most. In the evaluation made according to the institutions, it was seen that the most contributions were made by researchers from Hacettepe University, Gazi University and Ankara University. It was determined that the studies in the journal were on literature, art, history, international relations and political science, linguistics, culture, sociology, economy, entrepreneurship, education, migration, geography, religion, management, communication, and technology. It was found that the most cited publication was the study on communication published in 2010.

Keywords: bilig, bibliometrics, citation analysis, Turkic world, scientific journal

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7597 [HTML]

The objective of this study is to analyze the energy policies of China and Russia in Kazakhstan. Firstly, the historical context of energy cooperation between Kazakhstan, China, and Russia will be examined. Secondly, the distinctive approaches taken by each country will be evaluated. Finally, the impact of these two regional powers on Kazakhstan’s energy policy will be assessed. Kazakhstan holds a prominent position in the global energy sector owing to its considerable reserves of oil and natural gas. China and Russia acknowledge Kazakhstan’s crucial role as an energy source and invest significantly in its energy industry. Though both countries use Kazakhstan’s energy resources, they have distinct approaches. China adopts a proactive and assertive stance towards Kazakhstan, entering into advantageous agreements and investing in infrastructure initiatives. On the contrary, Russia maintains a passive stance by concentrating on preserving its current energy infrastructure and strengthening its hold over Kazakhstan’s energy reserves. To summarize, the energy strategies pursued by China and Russia in Kazakhstan carry substantial ramifications for the creation and transaction of energy resources within the region.

Keywords: Kazakhstan, China, Russia, energy policy, oil, natural gas, pipelines

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7772 [HTML]

The dynamic interrelationships among energy, goods and financial markets in Eurasian economies are not empirically analyzed, yet; and this study attempts to handle this gap in the literature. It examines the dynamic interrelationships for energy (oil and natural gas) prices, inflation rate, and exchange rate in Türkiye, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan, covering the period from January 2010 to April 2022, by means of the Toda and Yamamoto approach to Granger causality, impulse-response functions, and variance decompositions. The empirical findings unveil that (i) inflation is mainly driven by natural gas prices, (ii) oil prices cause inflation through natural gas prices, (iii) the exchange rate pass-through to inflation seems country-specific, and (iv) there is a weak dependence between energy prices and exchange rates. Accounting for smooth structural breaks in causality analysis based on the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto approach reinforces these findings.

Keywords: Energy prices, exchange rate, inflation, Eurasian countries, causality

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/ bilig.7933 [HTML]

In an era marked by complex international dynamics, examining voting cohesion within international organizations is a crucial avenue for understanding international relations. This research delves into the relationship between the institutionalization of relations among the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) members and their voting behavior at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The central hypothesis of this study posits that a positive correlation exists between the level of institutionalization and the degree of voting cohesion they exhibit at the UNGA. A comprehensive dataset of voting patterns at the UNGA from 2009 onwards is analyzed to investigate this hypothesis. The focus is on the voting alignment of OTS member states with each other and their alignment with major powers like the United States, China, and Russia. Through a meticulous analysis of temporal, issue-specific, and major power alignment, the research seeks to discern the patterns indicating a positive relationship between institutionalization and voting cohesion among OTS member states.

Keywords: Voting cohesion, Organization of Turkic States, UNGA, voting alignment, regional organizations

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7668 [HTML]

The research subject of this article is the Istanbul tour of Azerbaijan Turkish Drama-Operetta Troupe during the 1919 play season. As a result of the investigation of the cast, it was understood that the touring troupe consisted of artists from the Turkish Theatre of Tbilisi. Istanbul’s cultural and artistic circles who regarded the touring troupe as the theatre of the siser country, did not question the troupe’s affiliation at all. The troupe’s repertoire, which was performed on various Istanbul stages during the tour, mainly consisted of plays written by Azerbaijani dramatists. Turkish theatre critics, who evaluated the content of the repertoire as being oriental, appreciated the simplicity and national elements of Azerbaijani theatre. The organisation of the Azerbaijani troupe was a fresh breath for the Istanbul theatre audience, whose cultural and artistic life had been disrupted due to the occupation of Entente forces, while the actors of the touring troupe gained a great artistic experience.

Keywords: The Caucasus, Azerbaijani Dramaturgy, Turkish Theatre of Tbilisi, Azerbaijan Turkish Drama-Operetta Troupe, Istanbul Tour

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7628 [HTML]

This research focuses on two main topics. The first is the lack of attention to the emergence of Islam in Bengal, according to this study. The second concern is the early interactions of Muslim Arabs and Turks with the Bengal region. When analysing the initial entry of these two groups into the area and their subsequent activities, it is observed that they differ vastly. Before the advent of Islam, Arabs were accustomed to travelling to various regions, including Bengal, for trade purposes. Over time, Arab traders expanded their commercial activities with Bengal ports and contributed to spreading Islam. On the other hand, Central Asian Turks also attempted to connect the Bengal region to themselves through various activities over time. Therefore, there is need for more in-depth research on this subject. Methodologically, this research evaluates historical arguments and narratives through qualitative research. Moreover, this study relies primarily on secondary sources in Bangla and English. Where necessary, classical Arabic sources will also be taken into consideration. In this way, the research offers a unique perspective.

Keywords: Arabs, Islamization of Bengal, sea route, land route, trade, Turks

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7635 [HTML]

Adana’nın Kozan (Sis) ilçesinde, kale yıkıntıları içerisinde farklı derinliklerde, yüzlerce sikkenin içinde yer alan fels, dünya literatüründe şu ana kadar bulunabilen tek örnektir. Sikke, Mısır tarihi açısından genel hatları ile bilinen ama tam olarak aydınlatılamayan, karanlık bir dönemin ortaya çıkarılması açısından büyük öneme sahiptir. Türk kökenli Belhli valiler, bağımsızlık için savaşmış, bazıları tam bağımsız bazıları ise yarı bağımsız olarak hanedanlıklarını Mısır’da tesis etmişlerdir. Özellikle es-Sarı b. el-Hakem ibn Yusûf el-Belhî’ye ait olan bakır sikke, bu dönemin detaylarının ortaya çıkarılmasını sağlamıştır. Diğer dinarlar, akademisyenler ve meskûkât otoriteleri arasında bağımsızlık şüphesini oluştursa da kesin hüküm verilememiştir. Çok sayıda farklı isimli-mahlaslı Belhî valiye ait dinar bulunmuş ama tam bağımsızlık girişiminin es-Sarı b. el-Hakem ibn Yusûf el-Belhî döneminde başarıya ulaştığı anlaşılmıştır. Kozan bölgesinin üç yüz yıldan fazla, Arap orduları ile Bizans orduları arasında çarpışma alanı olduğunu, kazı sırasında bulunan diğer sikke örnekleri ispatlamaktadır. Sikke stili, kompozisyonu, ağırlığı, üzerindeki kufi yazısı ve diğer özellikleri ile Fustat-Mısır darblı olduğunu, tipolojik özellikleriyle açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Dönemin olayları, nümismatik veriler ışığında değerlendirilmiş, kısa bir süre sonra kurulacak olan Tolunoğulları Devleti’nin öncülerinin (Belhlilerin) Mısır’da elli bir yıl önce bağımsızlıklarını ilan ettikleri görülmüştür.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Belhliler, Sarılar, Mısır, Fels, Tolunoğulları, Kozan-Sis

DOI : https://doi.org/10.12995/bilig.7610 [HTML]