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This article aims to explore the reasons why Kyrgyz youth continue to prefer Russian in their daily lives more than thirty years after Kyrgyzstan’s independence. For this purpose, a quantitative study was conducted by administering a survey to a sample of 384 …

The objective of this study is to analyze the energy policies of China and Russia in Kazakhstan. Firstly, the historical context of energy cooperation between Kazakhstan, China, and Russia will be examined. Secondly, the distinctive approaches taken by each co…

From a realist perspective, there is a power competition between China and Russia and the US-led West. Russian rulers felt that the very existence of Russia was seriously threatened by the advancement of the West in an anarchic system, and they reacted by laun…

This study examines the multifaceted impacts of Russian colonization on the Kazakh Steppes during the 19ᵗʰ and 20ᵗʰ centuries. The colonization process caused significant destruction in various fields in the region, including migration routes, livestock herds,…

…cs, they have evolved into a multilingual society. Ahıska Turks use Turkish and Russian language pairs in their daily communication. They adopt code-switching strategies in their daily communication. Turkish-Russian code-switching pattern of Ahıska Turks was n…

… to analyse the reasons behind continuity and change in Turkey’s relations with Russia and to question the limits of cooperation between the two nations by using historical and current developments as cases. The article proposes that it would be misleading to …