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Research Article

Designing the Turkic States Sustainable Finance Index (TS-SFI): A Measurement Framework

Cem Korkut

… these economies: post-Soviet institutional transition, hydrocarbon dependence, energy-transition pressure, Islamic finance potential, and external financial vulnerability. TS-SFI is organised into five dimensions: green finance capacity, institutional and reg…

Issue 119 · Autumn 2026 pp. 109-150 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.9408

Research Article

Determinants of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Organization of Turkic States: An Environmental Sustainability Perspective

Ayşegül Baykul, Selen Işık Maden

…unds test (ARDL), based on data covering the period 1997–2019, economic growth, energy use in agricultural productivity, and industrialization increase CO₂ emissions, whereas forest area reduces CO₂ emissions in the long run. The findings were evaluated for th…

Issue 117 · Spring 2026 pp. 71-100 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.7368

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