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ISSN: 1301-0549·e-ISSN: 2822-6348

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Featured topics: Turkic World Central Asia Organization of Turkic States Türkiye Identity Kazakhstan

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2026–2026
Research Article
A Comparative Analysis of Reading Achievement Across the Turkic World: PIRLS 2021 as a Benchmark for Educational Unity
Bilginer Onan, Hasan Kağan Keskin, Özay Karadağ

This study examines student- and school-level variables affecting the reading achievement of fourth-grade students in the Turkic Republics (Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan) based on Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2021 …

Issue 119 · Autumn 2026 pp. 73-108 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.9616
Research Article
Comparison of Turkish and Kazakh Banks Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods and Analysis with Artificial Neural Networks
Çağrı Köroğlu, Ali Büyükmert, Mehmet Anbarcı, Eren Temel

The financial statement data of banks and the economic analyses generated using these data play a crucial role in assessing the performance rankings of banks amid intensifying competitive conditions. This study aims to evaluate the economic performance of bank…

Issue 116 · Winter 2026 pp. 89-125 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.8402