4 articles found
Showing 1–4
Research Article
Diplomatic Impact of Economic and Financial Relations: An Analysis of the Turkestan States and China
Fadime Ayca Ceylan, Ali Fuat Uruş
This study analyses the impact of China’s economic and financial relations with the Turkestan States – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan – on voting alignment of these five states with China in the United Nations General Assembly …
Research Article
Debt-Trap Diplomacy of China towards the Turkestan Republics
Serdar Yılmaz, Abzal Dosbolov
Following their independence in 1991, the Republics of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan developed active relations with major global and regional actors, including the United States, Russia, Europe, Türkiye, and China. Among these, China emerged as a par…
Research Article
Financial Support of the Kazakhs to Türkiye in the First World War
Nurzhigit Abdukadyrov, Bayan Assanova, Aigerim Akynova
The First World War significantly influenced the destinies of numerous peoples, nations, empires, and states throughout human history. The Ottoman Empire emerged as a major participant in this global conflict, engaging on multiple fronts against the Entente St…
Research Article
The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand
Tevfik Orçun Özgün
In a period when cultural background and geographical characteristics of ancient Turkestan cities became a field of interest for the British, Douglas Forsyth and his team’s journey to the East Turkestan in 1873, aside from its diplomatic and economic purpose, …
