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Diplomatic Elements in Qarakhanid Foreign Policy toward the Saljuqs in the 11th–12th Centuries
Aliya Almagambetova, Aydın Usta, Gulnara Khabizhanova

…es, and states used advanced diplomatic tools in their interactions. Diplomatic methods such as treaties, mediation, marriage alliances, and cooperation offered distinct advantages and reflected the role and position of a country in the international arena. An…