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Araştırma Makalesi

Diplomatic Impact of Economic and Financial Relations: An Analysis of the Turkestan States and China

Fadime Ayca Ceylan, Ali Fuat Uruş

… study analyses the impact of China’s economic and financial relations with the Turkestan States – Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan – on voting alignment of these five states with China in the United Nations General Assembly (UNG…

Sayı 118 · Yaz 2026 s. 177-212 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.8957

Araştırma Makalesi

Debt-Trap Diplomacy of China towards the Turkestan Republics

Serdar Yılmaz, Abzal Dosbolov

…ds and to advance strategic goals by fostering one-sided economic dependence in Turkestan republics.

Sayı 115 · Güz 2025 s. 57-84 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.8350

Araştırma Makalesi

Financial Support of the Kazakhs to Türkiye in the First World War

Nurzhigit Abdukadyrov, Bayan Assanova, Aigerim Akynova

…he Entente States. Notably, religious and propaganda efforts were undertaken in Turkestan as part of the Pan-Islamist ideology among the Turkic-Muslim peoples under Russian rule. Conversely, the Turkic-Muslim peoples of Turkestan provided various forms of supp…

Sayı 110 · Yaz 2024 s. 1-20 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.11001

Araştırma Makalesi

The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand

Tevfik Orçun Özgün

…n a period when cultural background and geographical characteristics of ancient Turkestan cities became a field of interest for the British, Douglas Forsyth and his team’s journey to the East Turkestan in 1873, aside from its diplomatic and economic purpose, b…

Sayı 98 · Yaz 2021 s. 147-163 DOI: 10.12995/bilig.9807

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