Araştırma Makalesi
A Comparative Analysis of Reading Achievement Across the Turkic World: PIRLS 2021 as a Benchmark for Educational Unity
… Azerbaijan (41%) and lowest in Uzbekistan (16%), warranting the application of Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM). The analysis results revealed that, at the student level, socioeconomic status served as the strongest predictor of reading achievement in Türki…